The Limits to Growth

Published 1972 – The message of this book still holds today: The earth’s interlocking resources – the global system of nature in which we all live – probably cannot support present rates of economic and population growth much beyond the year 2100, if that long, even with advanced technology. In the summer of 1970, an international team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began a study of the implications of continued worldwide growth. They examined the five basic factors that determine and, in their interactions, ultimately limit growth on this planet-population increase, agricultural production, nonrenewable resource depletion, industrial output, and pollution generation. The MIT team fed data on these five factors into a global computer model and then tested the behavior of the model under several sets of assumptions to determine alternative patterns for mankind’s future. The Limits to Growth is the nontechnical report of their findings. The book contains a message of hope, as well: Man can create a society in which he can live indefinitely on earth if he imposes limits on himself and his production of material goods to achieve a state of global equilibrium with population and production in carefully selected balance.

Authors: Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jørgen Randers, William Behrens III

Download the book in pdf here.

Other Publications

Earth4All: Germany

Earth4All: Germany

14 October 2024 - Based on data analysis carried out in collaboration with the Wuppertal Institute and the Millennium Institute, this book develops the two future scenarios set out in Earth for All: A Survival Guide for Humanity for the German context: Too Little Too...

SDGs for All: Africa

SDGs for All: Africa

04 September 2024 - The SDGs for All: Africa report applies Earth4All’s system dynamics model to chart possible pathways for SDG implementation in the region. Written in collaboration with notable African sustainability experts, it emphasises the scale and urgency of...

Earth4All: Austria

Earth4All: Austria

08 July 2024 - This report contextualises the Earth4All initiative within Austria. Earth4All is a global effort aimed at driving the transformative changes needed for a just and sustainable future on our finite planet. The initiative brings together leading...

Club of Rome Logo